首页>童话书橱>阿斯特丽德·林格伦 　　 阿斯特丽德·林格伦  Astrid Lindgren （1907/11/14-----2002/1/28） 　 左图为瑞典在1996出版的 一张以林格伦肖像为主题的邮票 Because violence begins in the nursery - one can raise children into violence. — Astrid Lindgren 　 林格伦和她创造的儿童世界 —— 文/ 李之义 　 在线阅读 小飞人卡尔松 长袜子皮皮 狮心兄弟 淘气包艾米尔 米欧,我的米欧 　 林格伦网站：　Astrid Lindgren's world 　　　　　　　Astrid Lindgren Movies               Astrid Lindgren News Group               Fun of Lindgren 's website Astrid Lindgren(1907- 2002) 　　享誉世界的瑞典儿童文学作家阿斯特丽德林格伦1月28日在斯德哥尔摩的家中去世，享年94岁。林格伦的女儿卡琳尼曼向新闻界宣布，她的母亲在过去一段时间里一直病痛缠身，在临终前的近一个月中又受到严重的病毒感染，最终未能治愈。 　　林格伦1907年出生在瑞典斯莫兰省一个农民家里。上世纪20年代到斯德哥尔摩求学。1946年至1970年间担任拉米和舍格伦出版公司儿童部主编，开创了瑞典儿童文学的一个黄金 时代。 　　像许多著名的儿童文学作品一样，让林格伦蜚声世界的《长袜子皮皮》写作的缘起是：她给患病的7岁女儿卡琳讲故事。皮皮的名字是卡琳顺口说出来的，这个火红头发、力大无穷、好开玩笑、喜欢冒险的小女孩不仅有穿一只黑袜子、一只棕袜子的奇怪嗜好，而且有一个冗长奇怪的全名：皮皮露达维多利亚·鲁尔加迪娅克鲁斯蒙达埃弗拉伊姆长袜子。1944年，林格伦在女儿10岁的时候把皮皮的故事写了出来作为赠给她的生日礼物。1945年林格伦将它稍作修改，参加拉米和舍格伦出版公司举办的儿童书籍比赛，获得一等奖。书一出版就获得巨大成功。关于皮皮的书共有三本，多次再版，成为瑞典有史以来儿童书籍中最畅销的。目前该书已被译成30多种文字，总发行量超过1000万册。 　　林格伦的童话代表作还有《小飞人卡尔松》、《米欧，我的米欧》、《狮心兄弟》、《绿林女儿》、《淘气包埃米尔》等，她共为孩子们写了87部文学作品。她的作品已被翻译成约80种语言在全世界广为发行，不少作品还被改编成电影和电视剧。1957年她获瑞典“高级文学标准作家”国家奖；1958年获“安徒生金质奖章”；1971年获瑞典文学院“金质大奖章”。瑞典文学院一位院士在授奖仪式上说：“尊敬的夫人，在目前从事文艺活动的瑞典人中，大概除了英格玛伯格曼之外，没有一个人像您那样蜚声世界。”多年以来，林格伦的主要作品陆续译成了中文，成为无数孩子心目中的宝书，成为无数成年人难忘的阅读记忆。 　　-文/艾皮皮吴平 　 Famous Swedish writer of children's books, dominant figure in modern children's literature in Sweden and in Scandinavia. Lindgren's best-known characters are independent and unconventional, such as Pippi Longstocking, Karlsson, and Emil. Astrid Lindgren war born Astrid Ericsson in Vimmerby. She grew up on her parent's farm. At the age of 19, she moved to Stockholm, where she worked in an office. She married, started a family and as her children were growing up, she told them stories that she had heard in her own childhood. At the age of 37, she started to write down the Pippi tales - her daughter had made the name up. Lindgren's acclaimed success in 1945 with the creation of Pippi Långstrump (Pippi Longstocking). It was followed by two sequels. The anarchistic protagonist was condemned by some authorities in the heated discussion of permissive upbringing. In her articles from 1939 and 1949 Lindgren defended the right of children to be treated like human beings without being oppressed: if the children are given love, good behavior will look after itself. "Min mamma är en ängel och min pappa är en negerkung, det är minsann inte alla barn, som har så fina föräldrar, brukade Pippi säja så förnöjd. Och när min pappa bara får bygga sej en båt, så kommer han och hämtar mej, och då blir jag en negerprinsessa. Hej hopp, vad det ska bli livat!" (from Boken om Pippi Långstrump, 1978) Pippi Longstocking differs radically from the familiar literary tradition, which is represented in Johanna Spyri's classic Heidi series or L.M. Montgomery's stories of orphan Anne. Pippi is more related to Heinrich Hoffmann's Slovenly Peter (Der Struwwelpeter) or Wilhelm Busch's anarchistic rascals Max and Moritz. Unlike ordinary heroes, Pippi is both mentally and physically strong. Her pets are not cats or dogs or goats as in the case of Heidi, but a horse and a monkey - her primitive doppelganger in Jungian sense? The nine-year-old Pippi lives alone, and fulfills every child's dream of freedom and adventure. Lindgren also broke conventional literary codes later. Her novel The Brothers Lionheart brought up in children's books the taboo of the death and the doctrine of reincarnation. In Mio, min Mio, the classical story of good and evil is colored by suggestive, flexible rhythm, derived from such sources as the Bible, the folk tales, and the lyric poetry. In 1963 Lindgren created another popular character, Emil, a five-year-old boy, whose adventures started in EMIL IN LÖNNEBERGA. A young detective, Kalle Blomqvist (Bill Bergson) appeared in 1946, and the Bullerby children next year. Ronja Robber's Daughter entered in Lindgren's fiction in the 1980s, and launched a more modern variation of Pippi Långstocking. When Pippi is a real 'father's daughter', the relationship between Ronja and her father is more problematic. She admires her father although he is week and she turns out to be strong. Ronja lives one a castle which was split in two on the night of her birth. When she becomes older, she finds from the forbidden part another human being, Birk, the son of her father's greatest rival, and starts her life with him. "They stood silently, listening to the twittering and rushing and buzzing and singing and murmuring in their woods. There was life in every tree and watercourse and every green thicket; the bright song of spring rang out everywhere." Lindgren has also published memoirs, Mitt Småland. Her adult fairy tale Pomperipossa in the World of Money in 1976 attacked unjust taxation. When Ingmar Bergman was arrested and charged with income-tax fraud, he suffered a nervous breakdown, and left the country. In the late 1970s the laws were changed more reasonable. She also influence the acceptance of another law, the Lex Astrid, on the humane treatment of farm animals. Lindgren has written over 80 books, which have been translated into some 80 languages and sold 80 million copies. Many television and screen adaptations, among others Luffaren och Rasmus (1955), not so stylish Pippi Långstrump i Söderhavet / Pippi in the South Seas (1974), Bröderna Lejonhjärta (1977), and lively Ronja Rövardotter (1983) have made her books very popular. "Jag skriver för att roa barnet i mig själv och kan bara hoppas att det sättet även andra barn ska vara - varför frågar ingen någonsin hur en bra "vuxenbok" ska se ut? Jag försöker att vara "sann" i konstnärlig bemärkelse när jag skriver - det är det enda rättesnöre jag har." (from En bok om Astrid Lindgren, ed. by ed. by Mary Ørvik Pippi Longstocking - a red-headed, athletic, orphan who believes that her father is a South Sea cannibal king. She is so strong that she can heft horses. Pippi is also untidy, and wears mismatching stockings. The first Pippi adventure was followed by Pippi Goes on Board (1946) and Pippi in the South Seas (1948). Pippi has appeared in four Swedish films in 1969-71, where she was played by Inger Nilsson, and in an English-language movie, The New Adventures of Pippi Longstocking (1988), starring Tami Erin. - For further reading: En bok om Astrid Lindgren, ed. by Mary Ørvik (1977); Astrid Lindgren: En levnadsteckning (1977); Läs om Astrid Lindgren by Kerstin Llunggren (1992) - Suomeksi on käännetty myös Lindgrenin esikoiskirja, kirjeromaani Britt-Mari lättar sitt hjärta nimellä Riitta-Maija keventää sydäntään (1997). Teos osallistui kustannusyhtiö Rabén & Sjögrenin tyttöromaanikilpailuun vuonna 1994 ja sai siinä toisen palkinnon. Lindgrenin läpimurtoromaani Peppi Pitkätossu tuli takaisin jo aikaisemmin Bonnierilta kustannettavaksi kelpaamattomana. - Lindgren toimi sittemmin Rabén & Sjögrenin kustantamon lasten- ja nuortenosaston päällikkönä 25 vuotta.. - See also: The unofficial Astrid Lindgren Homepage SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY: BRITT-MARI LÄTTAR SITT HJÄRTA, 1944 - Riitta-Maija keventää sydäntään PIPPI LÅNGSTRUMP (Pippi Longstocking), 1945 - Peppi Pitkätossu KERSTIN OCH JAG, 1945 - Kerstin ja minä MÄSTARDETEKTIVEN KALLE BLOMQVIST, 1946 - Mestarietsivä Kalle Blomqvist ALLA VI BARN I BULLERBY, 1946 - Melukylän lapset PIPPI LÅNGSTRUMP GÅR OMBORD, 1947 - Peppi aikoo merille KÄNNER DU PIPPI LÅNGSTRUMP, 1947 - Tunnetko Peppi Pitkätossun PIPPI LÅNGSTRUMP I SÖDERHAVET, 1948 - Peppi Pitkätossu Etelämerellä NILS KARLSSON-PYSSLING, 1949 MERA OM OSS BARN I BULLERBY, 1949 - Melukylässä tapahtuu KATI I AMERIKA, 1950 - Kati Amerikassa JAG VILL OCKSÅ GÅ I SKOLAN, 1951 - Minäkin tahdon kouluun MÄSTERDETEKTIVEN BLOMQVIST LEVER FARLIGT, 1951 - Kalle mestarietsivä BARA ROLIGT I BULLERBY, 1952 - Kyllä meillä oli hauskaa KALLE BLOMQVIST OCH RASMUS, 1953 - Ryöstetty Rasmus ja mestarietsivä Kalle Blomqvist LILLEBROR OCH KARLSSON PÅ TAKET, 1955 - Pikkuveli ja Katto-Kassinen MIO, MIN MIO, 1955 - Mio, poikani Mio RASMUS PÅ LUFFEN, 1956 - Rasmus ja kulkuri NILS KARLSSON-PYSSLING FLYTTAR IN, 1956 - Nisse Naskali muuttaa kaupunkiin RASMUS, PONTUS OCH TOKER, 1957 - Rasmus, Pontus ja Höpö KAJSA KAVAT HJÄLPER MORMOR, 1958 - Taina Tomera auttaa mummia BARNEN PÅ BRÅKMAKARGATAN, 1958 - Lotta, Janne ja Minnamanna MADICKEN, 1960 - Marikki LOTTA PÅ BRÅKMAKARGATAN, 1961- Se pikkuinen Lotta KARLSSON PÅ TAKET FLYGER IGEN, 1962 - Katto-Kassinen lentää jälleen EMIL IN LÖNNEBERGA, 1963 - Vaahteramäen Eemeli VI PÅ SALTKRÅKAN, 1964 - Saariston lapset VÅR I BULLERBYN, 1965 - Melukylän kevät BARNENS DAG I BULLERBY, 1966 - Lasten päivä Melukylässä NYA NYSS AV EMIL I LÖNNEBERGA, 1966 - Eemelin uudet metkut SKRÅLLAN OCH SJÖRÖVARNA, 1967 - Saariston lapset merirosvoina PIPPI FLYTTAR, 1969 - Peppi tulee PIPPI HÅLLER KALAS, 1970 - Peppi pitää kutsut ÄN LEVER EMIL I LÖNNEBERGA, 1970 - Eläköön Eemeli VISST KAN LOTTA CYKLA, 1971 - Osaa Lottakin ajaa PÅ RYMMEN MEDF PIPPI LÅNGSTRUMP, 1971 - Peppi Pitkätossu karkuteillä DEN DÄR EMIL, 1972 - Se Eemeli, se Eemeli ALLA KÄRÄSTE SYSTER, 1973 - Kultasiskoni BRÖDERNA LEJONHJÄRTA 1973 - The Brothers Lionheart - Veljeni Leijonamieli, suom. Kaarina Helakisa NÄR EMIL SKALLA DRA UT LINAS TAND, 1976 - Eemeli ja Liinan poskihammas VISST KAN LOTTA NÄSTAN ALLTING, 1977 - Lotta osaa mitä vain MADICKEN OCH JUNIBACKENS PIMS, 1977 - Marikki ja Kesäkummun Tuikku BOKEN OM PIPPI LÅNGSTRUMP, 1978 RONJA RÖVARDOTTER, 1981 - Ronja - ryövärintytär TITTA, MADICKEN, DET SNÖAR, 1983 - Marikki, katso lunta sataa SPELAR MIN LIND, SJUNGER MIN NÄKTERGAL, 1984 - Soittaako lehmus, laulaako satakieli? NÄR LILLA IDA SKULLE GÖRA HYSS, 1984 - Eemeli ja pikku Iidan metku DRAKEN MED DE RÖDA ÖGONEN, 1985 - Punasilmäinen lohikäärme EMILS HYSS NR 325, 1985 - Eemelin metku n:o 325 INGET KNUSSE, SA EMIL LÖNNEBERGA, 1986 - Eemeli ei kitsastele SKINNSKERPING, HEMKAST AV ALLA SPÖKEN I SMÅLAND, 1986 - Hirmu-Niilo, Smoolannin kamalin kummitus JAG VILL INTE GÅ OCH LÄGGA MIG, 1987 - Minä en tahdo nukkumaan! NÄR BÄCKHULTARN FOR TILL STAN, 1989 - Itaran isännän markkinamatka VISST ÄR LOTTA EN GLAND UNGE, 1990 - Lotta on iloinen SKYMNINGSLANDET, 1995 - Hämäränmaassa EMIL MED PALTSMETEN, 1995 - Eemelin sada puu-ukko EMIL OCH SOPPSKÅLEN, 1997 - Eemeli ja keittokulho